LITHIUM ▪ Lithium plays an integral role in the global transition to net zero being vital to lithium-ion batteries for EVs and energy storage ▪ EV demand will continue to drive the lithium market: EV penetration will reach 15% in 2025, and is expected to rise to around 35% by 2030 ▪ The global demand for lithium in 2030 is estimated to be over 2Mt, four times the global production in 2020 and more than doubling the demand forecast for 2025 ▪ Listed as one of the EU’s critical raw materials 27
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